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Issai Schur (January 10, 1875 – January 10, 1941) was a mathematician who worked in Germany for most of his life. He studied at Berlin. He obtained his doctorate in 1901, became lecturer in 1903 and, after a stay at Bonn, professor in 1919. As a student of Frobenius, he worked on group representations (the subject with which he is most closely associated), but also in combinatorics and number theory and even theoretical physics. He is perhaps best known today for his result on the existence of the Schur decomposition and for his work on group representations (Schur's lemma). Schur published under the name of both I. Schur, and J. Schur, the latter especially in ''Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik''. This has led to some confusion. ==Childhood== Issai Schur was the son of the businessman Moses Schur and his wife Golde Schur (née Landau). He was born in Mogilev on the Dnieper River in what was then the Russian Empire. Schur used the name ''Schaia ''rather than ''Issai'' up in his middle twenties.〔Vogt, Annette. Issai Schur: als Wissenschaftler vertrieben. In Schoeps, Grozinger & Mattenklott (S. 217–235 (1999) )〕 Schur's father may have been a wholesale merchant.〔The Kopelman Foundation. Mogiljow. JewishGen Belarus SIG, on ''The Jewish Encyclopedia Web site'' www.jewishgen.org/belarus/je_mogilev.htm conceived, created, and funded by The Kopelman Foundation, accessed 28 December 2003.〕 In 1888, at the age of 13, Schur went to Liepāja ( Courland, now in Latvia), where his married sister and his brother lived, 640 km north-west of Mogilev. Kurland was one of the three Ostseegouvernements of Tsarist Russia, and since the Middle Ages the Baltic Germans were the trend-setting social class.〔Blaushild, Immanuel. Libau. In Snyder (§1 (c. 1995) )〕〔Snyder, Stephen, project coordinator. ''A Town Named Libau (Liepaja, Latvia)''. JewishGen Web site www.Jewlshgen.org/ylzkor/libau/libau.html accessed 27 December 2003. (Translation of the 36-page booklet: ''A Town Named Libau in English, German and Hebrew and additional material about Libau'', Editor and Publisher of booklet unknown, believed to have been published in Israel, 1985.)〕 The local Jewish community spoke mostly German and not Yiddish.〔Beare, Arlene, ed. ''History of Latvia and Courland'' Web site accessed 1 March 2004: www.jewishgen.org/Latvia/SIG_History_of_Latvia_and_Courland.html (This history is derived from a few sources including () but mainly edited from the presentation made by Ruvin Ferber at the 21st International Conference of Jewish Genealogy held in London in July 2001.)〕 Schur attended the German-speaking Nicolai Gymnasium in Libau from 1888-1894 and reached the top grade in his final examination, and received a gold medal.〔vgl. Vogt, Anne〕 Here he became fluent in German. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Issai Schur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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